https://www.osu.tests.sfulib4.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/OJS <p><em>The Ohio Journal of Science</em> The Ohio State University Libraries en-US The Ohio Journal of Science 0030-0950 <p>This Author Agreement for <em>The Ohio Journal of Science</em> ("Agreement") is entered into by and between The Ohio State University, on behalf of its University Libraries ("Publisher") and the author ("Author").</p> <p>For good and valuable consideration, Publisher and Author agree as follows:</p> <p>1. Author hereby grants to Publisher the right to publish, reproduce, distribute, translate, transmit and display his/her submitted work and an abstract thereof ("Work") in <em>The Ohio Journal of Science</em> in whole or in part and in all formats and all media. Author also hereby grants to Publisher the right for Publisher to enter into agreements with third parties that grant such third parties any or all of the rights that Author has granted to Publisher herein. The aforementioned rights may include the rights necessary to index and abstract the Work. The Author agrees that any subsequent publication of the Work will credit <em>The Ohio Journal of Science</em> as the site of first publication and provide a link to <em>The Ohio Journal of Science</em> website. This Agreement is subject to the terms and expectations outlined on Publisher's website (<a href="http://go.osu.edu/publishing-services">http://go.osu.edu/publishing-services</a>).</p> <p>2. Author represents and war­rants that: (1) they are the creator and rights holder of the Work; (2) Publisher's exercise of the rights granted to Publisher herein will not infringe or violate any copyright or any other right of a third party; (3) if the Work contains any third party content, they have obtained the unrestricted permission of the copyright owner or that use of third party material is allowed because the material is in the public domain or an appropriate fair use analysis has been performed and there is a reasonable belief that use is permitted and (4) the Work contains nothing libelous or otherwise unlawful. Author hereby agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Publisher and its trustees, officers, employees, agents, and subgrantees from all claims related to Publisher's exercise of the rights granted to Publisher herein or related to the subject matter covered in Author's representations and warranties.</p> <p><em>The Ohio Journal of Science</em> is published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, to allow for certain types of reuse without permission. By submitting this agreement, the Author agrees to apply a CC BY 4.0 license to the Work upon publication.</p> https://www.osu.tests.sfulib4.publicknowledgeproject.org/index.php/OJS/article/view/9219 <p>Invasive species can have detrimental effects on the health of local ecosystems. <em>Lupinus polyphyllus</em> is an herb native to western and northeast North America, but the species has become invasive worldwide. In northeastern Ohio, United States, the species is nonnative, but not invasive and not spreading rapidly. Because physical distance is not a barrier, there are other reasons behind the inability of the species to become locally invasive. Here, the net effect of the local soil biota on the range expansion of the species was tested to explore 2 alternative, non-mutually exclusive, hypotheses. First, if belowground enemies limit this species range, the<br />net effect of the soil biota would be negative. Alternatively, soil mutualists might have a relatively greater net effect on plant fitness. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with 3 populations of seeds from the invasive range across 2 experimental treatments: a general fungicide (ZeroTol®) treatment and a water-control treatment. Fungicide treatment reduced total biomass in 2 out of 3 populations, consistent with limitations by the abundance of belowground mutualists. Fungicide treatment also changed root structure by reducing the number of nodules, root length, and diameter, while increasing root tissue density. Although the fungicide<br />treatment hindered the growth of lupines overall, the changes in root structure indicate that the treated individuals were able to partially compensate by shifting to more of an outsourcing method of resource acquisition. The results suggest that in addition to belowground mutualistic interactions, phenotypic plasticity and intraspecific genetic variation may also contribute to the success of<em> L.</em> <em>polyphyllus</em> in its nonnative ranges.</p> Danielle Sirivat Satu Ramula Jean H. Burns Copyright (c) 2023 Danielle Sirivat, Satu Ramula, Jean H. Burns http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2023-08-30 2023-08-30 123 2 2 13